Stage level,volume and time‐frequency information content of Lake Tana using stochastic and wavelet analysis methods     

Y. Chebud  A. Melesse 《水文研究》2013,27(10):1475-1483

Lake Tana is the largest fresh water body situated in the north‐western highlands of Ethiopia. In addition to its ecological services, it serves for local transport, electric power generation, fishing, recreational purposes, and source of dry season irrigation water supply. Evidence shows that the lake has dried at least once at about 15,000–17,000 before present owing to a combination of high evaporation and low precipitation events. Past attempts to understand and simulate historical fluctuation of Lake Tana based on simplistic water balance approach of inflow, outflow, and storage have failed to capture well‐known events of drawdown and rise of the lake that have happened in the last 44 years. This study tested different stochastic methods of lake level and volume simulation for supporting Lake Tana operational planning decision support. Three stochastic methods (perturbations approach, Monte Carlo methods, and wavelet analysis) were employed for lake level and volume simulation, and the results were compared with the stage level measurements. Forty‐four years of daily, monthly, and mean annual lake level data have shown a Gaussian variation with goodness of fit at 0.01 significant levels of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The stochastic simulations predicted the lake stage level of the 1972, 1984, and 2002/2003 historical droughts 99% of the time. The information content (frequency) of fluctuation of Lake Tana for various periods was resolved using Wigner's Time‐Frequency Decomposition method. The wavelet analysis agreed with the perturbations and Monte Carlo simulations resolving the time (1970s, 1980s, and 2000s) in which low frequency and high spectral power fluctuation has occurred. The Monte Carlo method has shown its superiority for risk analysis over perturbation and deterministic method whereas wavelet analysis reconstructed historical record of lake stage level at daily and monthly time scales. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study of Dongting Lake area variation and its influence on water level using MODIS data / Etude de la variation de la surface du Lac Dongting et de son influence sur le niveau d’eau,grâce à des données MODIS     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1)

Abstract

Abstract MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a new generation remote sensing (RS) sensor and its applications in hydrology and water resources have attracted much attention. To overcome the problems of slow response in flood disaster monitoring based on traditional RS techniques in China, the Flood Disaster Monitoring and Assessing System (FDMAS), based on MODIS and a Geographic Information System (GIS), was designed and applied to Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, China. The storage curve of Dongting Lake for 1995 was obtained using 1:10 000 topographic map data and then a relationship between water level at the Chenglingji hydrological station and lake area was derived. A new relationship between water level and lake area was obtained by processing MODIS images of Dongting Lake from April 2002 to April 2003 and the influence of lake area variation on water level was analysed with the 1996 flood data. It was found that the water level reduction reached 0.64 m for the 1996 flood if the original lake area curve was replaced with the area curve of 2002. This illustrates that the flood water level has been considerably reduced as a result of the increased area of Dongting Lake since the Chinese Central Government’s ?return land to lake? policy took effect in 1998.  相似文献   

Storm surge induced flux through multiple tidal passes of Lake Pontchartrain estuary during Hurricanes Gustav and Ike     

Chunyan Li  Eddie Weeks  Brian W. Blanchard 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

In September 2008, Hurricanes Gustav and Ike generated major storm surges which impacted the Lake Pontchartrain estuary in Louisiana. This paper presents analyses of in situ measurements acquired during these storm events. The main data used in the analyses were from three bottom mounted moorings equipped with conductivity, temperature, and depth sensors, acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), and a semi-permanent laterally mounted horizontal acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP). These moorings were deployed in the three major tidal channels that connect Lake Pontchartrain with the coastal ocean. A process similar to tidal straining was observed: the vertical shear of the horizontal velocity was negligible during the inundation stage, but a shear of 0.8 m/s over a less than 5 m water column was recorded during the receding stage, 2–3 times the normal tidal oscillations. The surge reached its peak in the Industrial Canal 1.4–2.1 h before those in the other two channels. The inward flux of water lasted for a shorter time period than that of the outward flux. The inward flux was also observed to have much smaller magnitude than the outward flux (∼960–1200 vs. 2100–3100 million m³). The imbalance was believed to have been caused by the additional water into Lake Pontchartrain through some small rivers and inundation over the land plus rainfall from the hurricanes. The flux through the Industrial Canal was 8–12%, while the flux through the other two tidal passes ranged between 17% and 70% of the total, but mostly split roughly half-half of the remaining (∼88–92% of the total).  相似文献   

元素地球化学揭示的长江中游鄱阳湖地区中更新世以来粉尘堆积的物源特征及其环境意义     

凌超豪  张智  贾玉连  薛滨  申洪源  钟巍  龙桂铃 《第四纪研究》2019,39(5):1103-1115

位于长江中游的鄱阳湖地区深受东亚季风影响,因其特殊的地理、地貌与水文、水系特征,自中更新世以来随着冬季风的加强,在大姑组、九江组砾石层之上风成堆积广泛发育。该区域中、上更新统表现为网纹红土、均质红土和下蜀黄土的独特沉积序列,厘清这三套独特沉积序列的物质来源对于我们认识东亚季风演化及其区域环境响应至关重要。本文选择了长江中游鄱阳湖地区10个典型剖面,基于<20μm颗粒组分的元素地球化学特征,研究了该地区中、上更新统粉尘堆积的特点,并将其与黄土高原西峰黄土和东秦岭黄土做了对比分析。研究认为,长江中游鄱阳湖地区这套独特的沉积序列,元素特征基本相似,具有贫Co、Pb,富Zr、Hf,低Eu/Eu^*(0.53~0.62)、LaN/YbN(4~8)、Ta/Zr(0~0.006)、Nb/Zr(0~0.09),高Y/Ho(28~30)、Zr/Hf(36~48)等特点,与黄土高原与东秦岭黄土有显著区别。基于Hf-Th-Co、Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Sc-La蜘蛛图投影分析,鄱阳湖地区第四纪粉尘物质的源岩接近于石英岩类,为被动大陆边缘构造背景下的产物,显著区别于黄土高原与东秦岭黄土(源岩接近于页岩,形成于大陆岛弧构造背景)。进一步分析认为,网纹红土、均质红土的母质均与区域下蜀黄土类似,推测它们均来自于其冬季风上风方向的长江或赣江的古河谷漫滩,这套独特的沉积序列是第四纪以来长江中游现代格局的水系贯通后,冬季风增强,吹蚀大江大河广阔的古河谷漫滩而形成的区域粉尘堆积的结果;是湿热的亚热带季风区对于中更新世以来在轨道尺度上冬夏季风均加强的背景下独特的区域响应。  相似文献   

Study on the Area Variation of Qinghai Lake Based on Long-Term Landsat 5/8 Multi-Band Remote Sensing Imagery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weixiao Han  Chunlin Huang  Yunchen Wang  Juan Gu 《地球科学进展》2019,34(4):346-355

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内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈磊  申洪源  贾玉连  吴敬禄  李徐生  魏灵  王朋岭 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(3):373-384

Based on the geochemical elements Rb and Sr in sediments with three different grain size fractions from profile H3 on the northern lacustrine bottomland 13 m above the Huangqihai Lake surface in 1986,the paper investigates the record of palaeolake stand state, sedimentary environmental evolution,and winter monsoon change.First,these samples are separated into three different grain size fractions,i.e.,total sediments,77-20μm and〈20μm. Second,the chemical elements-Rb and Sr-of the grain size separation were tested and analyzed systematically in this paper.Then the elements compositions of these samples are measured using VP-320 mode fluorescence spectrum instrument,respectively.The magnetic susceptibility of these samples is measured using Kappabridge KLY-3 mode instrument made in Czech AGICO Company.The results showed the elements and the ratios varied regularly with the grain size.But the ratio of Rb/Sr in the sediments〈20μm correlates positively with the magnetic susceptibility of these samples.Therefore,the ratio of Rb/Sr in the fraction〈20 μm from the lake sediments reflected the strengthening of the weathering in the deposition sites.It is a good indicator of the summer monsoon-induced weathering and pedogenesis fluctuations and can be used to reconstruct the conditions of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment.  相似文献   

Analysis of water stable isotopes fingerprinting to inform conservation management: Lake Urema Wetland System,Mozambique     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2014

The present study focusses on the analysis of water stable isotopes to contribute to understanding the hydrology of the Lake Urema wetland system in central Mozambique towards conservation management.Lake Urema Wetland is located in the Gorongosa National Park at the southernmost extent of the East African Rift System and is situated entirely within the Urema catchment. Of particular concern to the park’s management is the understanding of hydrological processes as these may trigger transformations of ecosystems, habitat losses and wildlife migrations. Concerns over the Lake Urema wetland’s drying up and the trapping of sediments in the floodplain have been raised for some time by conservationists.Water samples were collected for stable water isotope analyses during the wet and the dry seasons for the period 2006–2010 from springs, boreholes, rivers, and Lake Urema. In addition monthly composite precipitation was collected at two rain gauges.The results show that Lake Urema is maintained throughout the dry season merely from water generated during the wet season. It receives water from wet season precipitation and the runoff generated from this precipitation. The water source areas of the lake are the Gorongosa Mountain and the Barue Basement geomorphological units. Consequently, the source of the sediments which have been trapped into the lake and the floodplain has to be identified in these two catchment areas and urgent action is required to rescue the lake. This water body constitutes a groundwater buffer system which supports a unique wetland landscape. The annual inundations’ processes leading to the recharge-drainage cycle in the floodplain are most sensitive to the deposition of sediments, changing hydraulic gradients, and reducing wet season inflows and increasing drainage rates.  相似文献   

Fluctuation of Cadmium Load on a Tide‐Influenced Waterfront Lake in the Middle‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River          下载免费PDF全文

Hua Wang  Yiyi Zhou  Yong Pang  Xianmin Wang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1402-1408

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Reply to the comment by F. Gharbi on “Multiple dating of varved sediments from Lake Łazduny,northern Poland: Toward an improved chronology for the last 150 years”     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

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洞庭湖区生态承载力系统耦合协调度时空分异   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

熊建新  陈端吕  彭保发  邓素婷  谢雪梅 《地理科学》2014,34(9):1108-1116

不同时空尺度下,生态承载力系统耦合协调度呈现不同差异和变化。在阐述耦合协调发展作用机理的基础上,构建了耦合协调度评价指标体系,利用容量耦合模型对洞庭湖区生态承载力系统耦合协调度进行时空分析。结果表明：① 时序变化上,2001~2012年洞庭湖区生态承载力系统耦合度和耦合协调度变化趋势基本趋同,大致呈现同步稳定上升态势,耦合度均值达0.499,处于拮抗阶段;耦合协调度均值达0.463,处于中度耦合协调阶段;年均增长率上,耦合度达3.35%,大于耦合协调度的3.05%。表明生态承载力内部系统耦合作用和协同效应明显,并且耦合作用的强度大于内部协调性。② 空间分异上,17个县域的耦合度出现了低水平耦合、拮抗阶段和磨合阶段3种状态,3种耦合状态的县域个数和区间变化呈现不同的差异。耦合协调度出现了低度耦合协调、中度耦合协调和高度耦合协调3种状态,其变化状况基本上与耦合度类似,但从协调状态的县域个数和区间变化来看,耦合协调度的变化稍滞后于耦合度的变化,空间分布与耦合度分布特征基本相似,高、低值区的空间分布由西南向东北大致呈现较低-高-低-高-较低的“M”型基本格局。③ 空间组合上,17个县域出现了低耦合低协调区、中耦合低协调区、中耦合中协调区、高耦合中协调区和高耦合高协调区5种空间组合类型,其基本空间格局是,低耦合低协调区集中分布在洞庭湖区中部和西南部,高耦合高协调区则沿京广线、石长线和常岳高速三线呈“三足鼎立”布局,其它不同组合类型则集中于高耦合高协调区外围呈“零星状”分布。  相似文献